DOWN SYNDROME

DOWN SYNDROME

• 
  in 700 live births
• >60% spontaneously aborted
• 20% stillborn
• Facial appearance permits diagnosis
• Marked muscle hypotonia as baby
• Single palmar crease may be present
• Learning difficulty (IQ usually <50)
• Congenital heart malformations (40%)
• Many other associated features

PHYSICAL

• 
  People with Down syndrome may have some or all of the following physical characteristics((small chin, slanted eyes, poor muscle tone, a flat nasal bridge, a single crease of the palm, and a protruding tongue due to a small mouth and large tongue))
• These airway changes lead to obstructive sleep apnea in around half of those with Down syndrome
• Other common features include: a flat and wide face, a short neck, excessive joint flexibility, extra space between big toe and second toe, abnormal atterns
  on the fingertips and short fingers. Hip dislocations may occur without
• trauma in up to a third of people with Down syndrome.